THE VERB SYSTEM IN THE WORKS OF SODIQ HIDAYAT AND ZOYA PIRZOD

Abstract

This article examines one of the most complex and semantically multilayered components of the Persian verbal system — compound verbs — from a structural and semantic perspective. The main objective of the study is to identify the patterns of formation, grammatical models, and semantic shifts of compound verbs derived from simple verbs through a comparative analysis of early 20th-century and 21st-century Persian prose.

The research material is based on selected passages from Būf-e Kūr by Sadegh Hedayat and Cherāgh-hā rā man khāmūsh mīkonam by Zoya Pirzad. The compound verbs identified in these texts were classified according to their structural models (noun + verb, adjective + verb, etc.) and semantic groups, followed by a statistical analysis.

The findings indicate that in early 20th-century prose, compound verbs were predominantly used with a literary and stylistically marked function, whereas in 21st-century prose they tend to move toward a more colloquial usage, simplification, and increased communicative functionality. This shift reflects the historical and stylistic evolution of the Persian verbal system.

Keywords

persian language, compound verbs, simple verbs, light verbs, nominal component, structural-semantic analysis, Sadegh Hedayat, Zoya Pirzad, linguistic transformation, diachronic study.