THE CONCEPT OF "ERGATIVITY" IN PASHTO AND HINDI LANGUAGES AND ITS GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

Among the Eastern languages that have greatly influenced the historical development of Pashto, the Hindi language is a significant one, and both lexical and grammatical elements of Hindi in Pashto serve as clear examples of this influence. This scientific article is considered one of the initial steps toward analyzing the interrelation, differences, and similarities of the "ergative construction" in both languages. Additionally, the article discusses how ergative constructions are formed in Pashto and Hindi languages, analyzed through sentences where the predicate agrees not directly with the subject, but with the object. Our goal is to carry out a comparative analysis of ergativity in Pashto with other Eastern languages in the future. In the preparation of this article, the following sources were used: R. Inomkhodjayev's "Grammar of the Pashto Language". "Methodological Approaches for Teaching the Ergative Construction in Pashto". R.M.V. Dixon's "Ergativity". M. Farooq's "Pashto Language: Solving the Mysteries of the Past Tense". Muhammad's "Ergative Construction in Pashto".

Keywords

Ergativity, transitive verb, intransitive verb, instrumental case, verbal combination, compound verb, object, objective construction, neutral construction, subjective construction.