RELATIONSHIP OF PASHTO DIALECTS WITH LITERARY LANGUAGE AND THEIR ROLE IN SOCIAL LIFE (BASED ON THE DIALECTS OF KANDAHAR, NANGARHAR, KABUL, AND PAKTIYA)

Abstract

Studying the Pashto language dialects is considered one of the important issues. The significance of this issue is that any national language, whether it is an official state language or a local language, relies on dialects, and these dialects influence the literary language. It is also noteworthy that, depending on social conditions, the dialects that affect the literary language may change over time. The relationship between dialects and the literary language is a complex process and is linked to social factors, such as geographic conditions, politics, the development of economic centers, urban growth, and others. This article is dedicated to shedding light on the relationship between Pashto dialects and the literary language in Afghanistan, a multilingual country.

Keywords

Indo-European language family, geographic conditions, western dialect, eastern dialect, central dialect, southern dialect, communicative significance, pronunciation, methodization.